How Can Military OODA LOOPS Help Your Readers Understand Your Character?

Writing (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

When I'm editing for clients, I often find myself putting in the comments: Help me follow this by using an O.O.D.A. loop. For those of you unfamiliar with this concept, let me explain.

The term O.O.D.A. loop was coined in the 1950’s by Colonel John Boyd. Colonel Boyd was an F-86 pilot and commander of a fighter group toward the end the Korean War, trying to train fighter pilots to be more effective. 


O.O.D.A. stands for:

Observe 
Orient 
Decide 
Act


I'm going to show you his diagram of an OODA loop, but please don't get overwhelmed. It's a great diagram that you might want to scroll back up and look at after you read the article - or just look at the second simplified graphic and call it a day.


Okay, first I'm going to overwhelm you:

Full diagram originally drawn by John Boyd for his briefings on military strategy, fighter pilot strategy, etc (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Let's look at that in terms of plot rather than in terms of shooting people out of the sky - 

• OBSERVE - you write what is happening around the character.
• unfolding circumstances
• unfolding interaction with environment
• outside information
• ORIENT - This is the most important step in the concept. Here you must consider aspects of the character that would shape how they observe a situation. If you have several characters in a scene, each will have their own way of perceiving and thus deciding and acting. If you have a group, the orientation is the place where the conflict lies. No two people will ever have the same orientation. See? Important.
• genetic heritage 
• cultural tradition
• previous experiences
• education
• gender
• mental health (and so forth)
• DECIDE - 
• this is either a cognizant decision OR it can be reflexive. (The baby is falling the mom's hand shoots out, and she's caught the baby in the blink of an eye.) 
• this is the time to walk the reader through the thought process - how did they decide to A over B? 
• Was it a hard decision? 
• What stood in their way? 
• What was their most important tool in making that decision? Morality? Greed? Survival?  
• ACT

Why is it called a loop? Once the character has cycled through these four steps, then the environment is changed. Their actions have changed things, and they and their fellow characters will be moving through the loop again and again and again.

Here it is simplified:

Wow - that seems incredibly simple. BUT now fill in the blanks
What about that scene would your character observe - what would catch your characters attention amidst what they are doing. Example: a robbery suspect-

• An artist might remark of his facial features. His brow is furrowed. It looks like he's in pain. He probably needs money for a fix. Gives him her money.
• A physical therapist might take in his gait. He has a limp. He can't chase her. She runs.
• A soldier might be watching the guy's hands. He's not touching his shirt. He probably doesn't have a weapon. Dives in to tackle him.

How did your character align themselves with the information, what did they cognate?

What did they decide to do about it? Think hard - what in their life experience, age, cultural, temperament, current health, current relationships, and so forth, might impact this moment?

Humans go through this loop thousands of times in a day. If you lay them out in your writing, the progression makes more sense to the reader. 

Example:
Barbara went on a date last night with the guy whom she thinks is THE guy.

Barbara is called to reception at work. There is a bouquet of beautiful flowers waiting for her there. She smiles. She feels excited and happy. She beams as she walks back to her cubicle, grinning and blushing, accepting the comments from her colleagues about how lovely the flowers are. Yup this could be THE guy, and he obviously feels the magic too. She gets to her desk and puts the flowers down, picks out the card and sits, giving the envelop a kiss before opening it. Ruh roh! It's not from the guy she thought it was from. It's from some creeper who just won't leave her alone, and the card says. "You looked beautiful last night." She grabs the flowers and throws them in her trash.

She has a new observation. It changes her orientation. She makes a different decision. Which leads to a very different action.

If you are practicing show-don't-tell, then putting your characters into situations that show your reader walking through this loop, especially explaining their orientation (back story), you will help your readers to understand your characters so much better. 

I hope you found this article helpful.

As always, a big thank you ThrillWriters and readers for stopping by. Thank you, too, for your support. When you buy my books, you make it possible for me to continue to bring you helpful articles and keep ThrillWriting free and accessible to all.

Invisibility Cloaks: On Writing Characters with Invisible Illnesses and Disabilities

. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Today, my dear friend Joanna has joined us to talk about her experience with an invisible illness. It is not unusual for people to have illnesses that have a major impact on their lives that no one can see. Often, this kind of illness is discounted. For some, this is a mental health issue (brain chemistry issue); for others it is an autoimmune issue or other chronic and debilitating challenge.

One of my most popular articles here on ThrillWriting was about writing characters with physical disabilities. People like to read about characters with whom they can identify. Also, as always, I want to advocate the position that when we write, we educate. When we write, we normalize. 

We have so much power as writers. Including people from demographics which aren't normally included in stories is empowering, edifying, and interesting. It's a challenge to be sure.

Above, there is a tab called DIVERSITY IN YOUR CHARACTERS where you can explore topics such as economic diversity, nation of origin diversity, and ethnic/racial diversity , among other topics. 

Fiona - 
To start, can you define, for those who have never heard the term before, "invisible disability"?

Joanna
Yes, an invisible disability is a chronic condition that can't been seen readily by others. They may look normal to you for their age, but what you can't see upon first observation is that they have some kind of auto-immune illness or pain condition that can severely limit their abilities to function consistently as a "normal" person.

Fiona - 
Can you please tell us a little bit about your journey and your blog?

Joanna - 
Sure - I'm Joanna, and I live with chronic pain called fibromyalgia. In my, case, my nervous system doesn't work normally. It interprets input about temperature, activity, muscle soreness from exercise, normal joint pain from arthritis, exposure to allergens, sensation of fabrics, pressure, wind and emotional stress in an atypical way. 

For example, when I get too cold, I pass out and when I wake up I hurt all over. Or I have to be very careful when I go to the gym to work out because too many repetitions of weight lifting or too many minutes on the elliptical trainer has a delayed reaction with fully body pain 48 hours later that prevent me from standing for more than a minute at a time. I've been aware that my chronic pain experiences are not normal and have worked with many professionals and done my own studies over the last decade to find ways to manage ­­­­­­and live a normally functioning life despite my atypical nervous system.

My personal Reiki practice has been one of the main ways I've managed on my own - the principles helped me learn to let go of suffering and the relaxation practice helps me cope better with the pain. I found such relief and help from my practice that I spent years teaching others what I learned through a professional Reiki practice. I used to blog on a regular basis, but I am currently on a sabbatical to pursue other studies.

Fiona - 
A personal story - I remember being at the store one day and a woman wanted to know why we were using a service dog. I explained the dog's job was to prevent my daughter from having diabetic seizures. She turned and stared at my daughter and pronounced, "She shouldn't use the dog. she looks perfectly normal." Huh. 

Joanna look perfectly normal - beautiful, in fact. Why does this make your disability so much harder to deal with than someone where it is more obvious to the normal person's perceptions?

Joanna - 
­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­Well it's those asumptions that people make. They assume that because you look a certain way, you should behave the way they expect you to. It means they decide in advance that you are perhaps a hypochondriac, or you are exaggerating for attention, or they don't want to take you seriously.

And they take it personally when you don't behave like they expect, and get upset and angry at you.

Fiona - 
Scientific findings on  fibromyalgia is coming to light - but back when you were diagnosed much less was known - from your experience, did the doctors etc. support you or did they also diminish your experience?

Joanna - 
Great question. I believe the average length of time from when someone starts experiencing symptoms until they receive a proper diagnosis is something astonishing like 6 years, still. 

While I had an extremely supportive nurse practitioner who believed in my experience and sent me to many, many specialist - it took a very long time before the right diagnosis, medications and management plans were determined. One place we tried was a pain clinic, and I had a terrible experience. I went with my mother, who had been to this clinic previously with both my father and her mother with positive experiences. She was stunned to see how the doctors treated me - in my 30's but looking more like in my 20's - as a drug seeker and complainer - and did not take my complaints or description of my fitness routine seriously. My mom stood up for me, since she lived with me at the time and attested to the truth, but ultimately I decided to go to another pain clinic that could treat me more respectfully despite my age.

Fiona - 
I have never read a book where a chronic, invisible medical issue (outside of psychological issues) has been in the plot line, though it's rampant in our communities. I wonder why - what do you think? And what are the implications of not having those with invisible illnesses a part of literature, TV, and the movies?

Joanna - 
Well my guess is that only someone who experiences it first hand, whether in themselves or a loved one, would have a real perspective on what it's like - and those living with it are probably too busy to write a book or make a show! 

I suspect that mental illnesses are more well known at this point, and our media culture tends to glamorize (even in a negative way) psychological illnesses that lead to violence, murder, mayhem etc... It makes for an interesting story. 

Reading about the courage and willpower someone with an invisible illness has to summon up from her soul for years to get a diagnosis and then to just live with a condition that isn't going away and might get worse - that seems more like a tear jerker sort of story. Harder to write and to read. 

Our daily lives can be painfully tedious in how much we have to pace ourselves and be disciplined and make choices about how much we can do in any given day without costing us too much out of tomorrow. I imagine it doesn't make for an exciting story at all. However, by not portraying this struggle through media (very few celebrities come out with invisible illnesses as well), people stay ignorant and uninformed and prejudiced.

Fiona - 
You developed a Facebook group where writers might be able to connect with folks with invisible challenges so they can inform themselves and write their WIPs right. Would you share the name?

Joanna - 
It's called My Illness is Invisible but I'm Not
Fiona - 
What would you like a writer to know as they plotted a book that included a character with an invisible illness. Are there some global experiences that you've learned about from your group?

Joanna - 
One of the biggest challenges is other's perceptions that we'll feel or get better soon, and it's incredibly frustrating. These illnesses are generally life long, and it's not like having the flu. It's also often not life threatening, so dealing with the inconsiderate comments and advice from outsiders is a running frustration for us. Also having to explain over and over again to people who meet us about how we have to make choices an average healthy person doesn't have to make, and living the spoon theory, that should be in any book.

­­http://www.butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/

Fiona - 
What are some choices that you have to make that the average person doesn't need to -- can you take us on a short trip through your day and how various things might affect you or someone with your diagnosis?

Joanna - 
I am lucky, in that for the most part, I live a more normal life than many who struggle with my diagnosis. I have a full time job instead of being home on disability. That job is super important to me and my happiness, so I make choices on a daily basis to make sure I have enough "spoons" (see above listed article to understand this concept) to perform well at my job. I wake up early, so I have time to sit up in bed and get through the initial aches and pains that come every morning. I can't move quickly, or it gets worse instead of dissipates. Some days, I just don't have the energy or ease of movement to go through my morning routine, so I skip a shower and making coffee and lunch, and just get myself dressed and out the door. 

Now that it's cold out, I have to figure out how cold it is and which extra layers I need to wear. I drive to the train station and wait in the car until the train is approaching. I sit in a certain seat every day that I know has heat so I stay warm enough during the commute. I spend my time on the train meditating and clearing my mind of the last night's bad dreams and pain so I can be focused at work. I arrive early so I have extra time to pick up the food I couldn't prep ahead of time, and so I can move as slowly as I need to my office. I take off all my layers and try to decide if today is a day I can go to the gym. I work until lunch and then I assess where my body is at - would moving at the gym help me function better this afternoon - or would it make it harder? I either go for a walk if it's warm, find a spot to meditate if I'm struggling or go to the gym on my lunch break, or on occasion have a meal with a friend for some social fulfillment. My choice depends on what will make the afternoon go more smoothly and productive. If I didn't get to the gym at lunch, I check in at 4pm to see if I can handle a workout after work. I can go more slowly after work, so I more often end up going in the evening when there is no time constraint forcing me to move more quickly than is okay for me. 

After my workout, I sit in the locker room for a while resting. Then I get dressed, bundle up, and start my trek home. If I'm not too uncomfortable, I may have plans after work - but usually those are only with people who can handle a last minute cancellation if the pain is too high. Or I may make dinner and prep food for the next day. If pain is high, but not too high, I may climb into a hot bath for an hour of relief. If not, I go straight to bed. I'm in bed laying down to let my body rest by 9pm because the routine starts again the next day at 5:30am. I don't sleep well, so I spend more time in bed "resting" to make sure I have as many spoons as possible for tomorrow.

Fiona - 
Thank you. Is there anything I didn't ask about that you think would be important for a writer to know about writing characters with invisible illnesses/disabilities? 

And here I will mention that despite all of the issues Joanna faces, she is still a highly successful business woman with an MBA, and has a rich social life including close family, friends, and dating. . . so a writer wouldn't have to write a plot that takes place on a couch.

Joanna - 
That's true! I do have an MBA and had my own business for many years. I do socialize on the weekends, but rarely during the week due to my limitations. I spend a lot of my free time taking classes like yoga, meditation etc... they help me manage the pain or in appointments like getting a massage etc.. so that I can feel my best.

Its just that my best is not what a normal almost 40 year old feels like at her best. To be honest, a large part of my social life is long distance - I stay connected with my closest friends online and on the phone. I don't see a whole lot of people during the week unless they live in my house or work with me.

I do try to go off on an adventure at least once a month, whether a road trip or plane trip, but I have to plan ahead for pre-emptive R&R ahead of time and post R&R after to recuperate. I don't stay up or out late because getting a solid 6 hours of sleep is super important to me functioning, and it takes 9+ hour in bed to get 6 good hours.

I have a very rich emotional life and a large circle of friends. I see those who live close by and who are in my inner circle on the weekend, and the rest once in a while or via Skype or phone call. 

Since my body has limitations, that's probably why most of my "fun" is introspective work - taking spiritual classes, reading, learning how people tick, helping others. I also volunteer for a couple of non-profits, mostly work I can do on a computer from home. I am happy and my life is mostly filled with enjoyment, as I learned a while back that while pain is my constant companion, suffering is optional.

Although I might add, also, that this level of challenge for me in getting through a workday is one of the reasons I have let go of the idea of becoming a mom. I can barely get myself to work and to the gym and fed, how can I do that for someone else?

Fiona - 
A huge thank you to Joanna for sharing her personal story in order to help us write it right.

As always, a big thank you ThrillWriters and readers for stopping by. Thank you, too, for your support. When you buy my books, you make it possible for me to continue to bring you helpful articles and keep ThrillWriting free and accessible to all.

That Really Blows: How to Use a Hair Dryer to Save Your Heroine's Day (Show- Don't Tell)

 (Photo credit: Wikipedia

"Show don't tell." Sigh. It's a ubiquitous phrase in edits. 

"How?" -- you might ask yourself -- "does a writer accomplish this?"  

Well, it's one thing to be told that a character is a resourceful, out-of-the-box thinker, and it's another for her to use her skills in her everyday life to illuminate the idea that she's capable. 

Some ways you might show that your heroine is ready, willing, and able are her clothing choices, the things she carries in her purse (that got kicked over and now she has to explain why she carries a Leatherman and a Swiss Army knife along with a chem-light), or her unusual uses for everyday items like the hairdryer.

Here are some creativity enhancers - ways that a heroine can show her moxy without you tapping out the words - "she was as smart as they come." Even if you follow that with a validating anecdote, you still wrote a "tell" instead of the reader discovering those attributes in the character for themselves.

Here's our intrepid heroine facing her plot points armed with a hairdryer:

1. Remove stickers and labels
2. She can also slip that old photo from it's album if she heats the back of the page with a hair dryer and carefully pries it off.
3. Remove wax - heat with a dryer on high and then wipe off with a damp cloth
4. Did your heroine find a secret message written on her mirror with a finger (the oils prevent the steam from adhering)? She can quickly hide it from other eyes by turning her hair dryer on the the steamed up surface.
5. Did your villain just sneeze into their line of coke and get it all over the cushions or silk flowers? Disperse it and make it look fresh as new with the hair dryer set on low.
6. Did your heroine get distracted while her hunky hunk was
   
   snogging with her? Now the kid she was babysitting for her boss just drew all over the walls with crayon. She can remove it with the blow dryer set to high.
7. Bored? Why not have your heroine do an art project?
8. WHAT?? Your heroine's BFF just found a clue get over there stat? But your heroine just finished her manicure! Quick - use the dryer to set the nails and go, girl! Go!
9. Did your heroine find a major clue in the freezer, but it's stuck in the frost, and she can't remove it? Grab the hair dryer and heat until it's free.
10. Did your heroine buy new shoes and they pinch? How is she going to get through the dance with hunky hunk? Before she goes, she can heat the shoes and stretch them out - just heat them for a minute or two, have her slide her feet in while they are hot and leave the shoes on until they have cooled.
11. And just as it can streeeeeeeetch it can also shrink. Use a hair dryer to shrink plastic onto a bowl or gift basket.
12. Your heroin got the phone call and she needs to fly to Paris NOW? Dry her toothbrush and loofah before she packs them with her blow dryer so they aren't gross when she gets there. 
13. Can't get that baby to sleep? Your heroine knows the trick. She just runs the blow dryer on low until the baby is snoozing.
14. Is your heroine's child freaking out about getting their band-aid off? Heat on low to help release the adhesive.

    

    wikipedia

15. And if the accident was worse and there's a limb in a cast, use the hair dryer on low to blow soothing powder like oatmeal into the cast.
16. Your heroine's pantyhose are still a little damp from the wash and hang? Have her use the dryer to get them all the way dry - cause damp hose are bound to make her crotchety :)
17. Your heroine left a water ring on her mother-in-law-to-be's prize Edwardian table? Find the hair dryer! Attach the nozzle attachment. Start on low then after a bit, she can start turning up the heat until it disappears (hopefully - fingers crossed).
18. Is your heroine a fashionista? She can heat her eyelash curler with the hair dryer to get her lashes to comply with her efforts.
19. Did you heroine's pipes freeze? Quick, before they burst - a hair dryer to the rescue.
20. Take out a car dent. A two person deal - but your heroine can conceal that dent she just got in her dad's car :/  
21. LOOSEN UP - jar lids, screws, a little heat can go a long way.
22. Is your heroine having trouble focusing because her glasses
    
    keep slipping down her nose? Have her run to the ladies room and run the ear pieces under the heat and then put them back in place. Ta-da! A custom fit.
23. Your heroine looks like she just wrestled a boa constrictor and is about to make a big presentation? Flick water on garment to make a fine mist and use hair dryer (sure the other women walking into the ladies' room are giving her a strange look for standing there in her undies - but hey, a girl's gotta do what a girl's got to do.
24. Get that cat hair etc. form off her keyboard. Point the nozzle sideways so she's not  pushing the hairs into the crevices.

Here's hoping your heroine's day doesn't blow! 

As always, a big thank you ThrillWriters and readers for stopping by. Thank you, too, for your support. When you buy my books, you make it possible for me to continue to bring you helpful articles and keep ThrillWriting free and accessible to all.